Description
These antibodies were developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory by Drs. Rod Balhorn, Andrew Wyrobek and Larry Stanker and have been used by researchers worldwide since the 1980’s to identify mammalian protamines, monitor their expression in spermatids and detect their presence in mature sperm (references).
Our products are sold for research or laboratory use only. They are not to be administered to humans. Resale for in vivo diagnostic, therapeutic or drug discovery purposes is prohibited; a license from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is required for these purposes
Antigen Selectivity
Hup1N, Hup2B and Hup1M were generated in mice using the native protamine molecules and chromatin particles isolated from mature human sperm as antigens. They are provided as affinity purified reagents. These antibodies do not cross react with oligo-arginine or histone
Hup 1N is an IgG1 antibody that binds selectively to the protamine P1 molecules present in the spermatids and sperm of a wide variety of mammalian species, including human, Cynomologus monkey, Rhesus monkey, boar, bull, dog, mule deer, ram, chinchilla, Rattus norvegicus ,cotton rat, gerbil, mouse, and Syrian hamster. Hup1N does not react well with protamine P1 from Voles (Microtus species) or rabbits. The epitope has been localized to the amino terminus of the protein (first six amino acids).
Hup 2B is an IgG1 antibody that binds selectively to both the fully processed (mature) and precursor protamine P2 molecules isolated from a wide variety of mammals, including human, mouse, certain Rattus species, and Syrian hamster. The epitope has been localized to a segment in the first half of the fully processed P2 molecule.
Hup 1M is an IgG1 antibody that is highly specific and binds only to human protamine P1 molecules. Its epitope is not known.
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