Balhorn, R., Steger, K., Bergmann M., Schuppe, H.-C., Neuhauser, S. and Balhorn, M.C. (2018) New Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Mammalian Protamines P1 and P2. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2018.1510063. pdf, FigS1, FigS2, Fig S3.

Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), Reference ID 1034179

Balhorn, R. (2018) Sperm Chromatin: An Overview. In: Zini, A. and Agarwal, A., 2018. A Clinician’s Guide to Sperm DNA and Chromatin Damage, p 3-30. Springer website link

Protamines: Structure and Function, Protein & Peptide Letters, Volume 18(8), August 2011

The papers presented in this special HOT TOPICS issue provide information and insight into how the protamine proteins evolved and the impact of these changes on chromatin organization, the processing of the protamine P2 precursor and the relationship between incomplete P2 processing and male infertility, the impact of altering the proportion of the two protamines used to package DNA in the sperm cell, the role endocrines play in the histone to protamine transition and chromatin condensation, the forces generated by protamine when it binds to DNA, and the process of protamine removal from DNA when the sperm enters the oocyte. Editorial (pdf)

Sperm Chromatin: Biological and Clinical Applications in Male Infertility and Assisted Reproduction, edited by Armand Zini and Ashok Agarwal, Springer in 2011

This book covers many important aspects of human sperm chromatin structure and function (including the role of protamines), laboratory techniques currently used to evaluate sperm chromatin, what is known about the biological and clinical determinants of sperm chromatin damage, and the relationship between different aspects of sperm chromatin damage and assisted reproductive technology outcomes. Google eBook link

Hup Antibody Isolation and Characterization

  1. Stanker LH, Wyrobek A, and Balhorn R; Monoclonal antibodies to human protamines.
    Hybridoma 3: 293-303 (1987). (pdf)
  2. Stanker LH, McKeown C, Balhorn R, Lee C, Mazrimas J, Goralka M, and Wyrobek
    A; Immunological evidence for a P2 protamine precursor in mature rat sperm. Mol Reprod Devel 33: 481-488 (1992). (pdf)
  3. Stanker LH, Wyrobek A, McKeown C, and Balhorn R; Identification of the binding site of two monoclonal antibodies to human protamine. Mol Immunol 18: 1633-8 (1993). (pdf)

Other Papers published in which our products have been used.

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